Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibodies Profile Test Kit

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) generally refers to a group of encephalitis mediated by autoimmune mechanism. The main clinical symptoms are mental disorders, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, seizures, speech disorders, dyskinesia, involuntary movements, decreased consciousness level and coma, autonomic dysfunction.
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Chemiluminescent Solution（Autoimmune Diseases）

Series

Product Name

Abbr

Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibodies Profile

Anti-NMDAR Antibody

NMDAR

Anti-AMPA1 Antibody

AMPA1

Anti-AMPA2 Antibody

AMPA2

Anti-LGI1 Antibody

LGI1

Anti-CASPR2 Antibody

CASPR2

Anti-GABARB Antibody

GABABR

Anti-IgLON5 Antibody

IgLON5

Anti-DPPX Antibody

DPPX
N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor and its molecular structure is complex. The mainly clinical manifestations are psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities, seizures, and near event memory impairment and other multifocal or diffuse brain damage. AMPA receptors (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, AMPAR) mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) and are involved in regulating learning and memory activity. Anti AMPAR encephalitis occurs with typical limbic encephalitis manifestations including subacute unconsciousness, depression, irritability, near memory loss and seizures with medial temporal lobe dysfunction, but generally without clinical manifestations of progressive movement disorder, central hypoventilation and autonomic dysfunction. LGI1 is a secreted protein interacting with two kinds of epilepsy related proteins (presynaptic ADAM23 and postsynaptic ADAM22). CASPR2 is a member of the axon protein superfamily. Patients with positive anti CASPR2 antibody in serum or CSF can present with encephalitis, peripheral nerve hyperexcitability or Morvan's syndrome. GABABR belongs to G protein coupled receptor, widely distributed in the brain and spinal cord, especially in hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum [9]. Patients can present with typical limbic encephalitis with early predominant seizures, as well as memory and behavioural abnormalities that can be very easily misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis. Iglon family members have three immunoglobulin-like domains and a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor. Except for IgLON2 which is specifically expressed in neurons, all other IgLON family members are expressed in neurons and oligodendrocytes. DPPX related encephalitis is a relatively rare AE in the clinic, which has an insidious onset and mostly a chronic course. The later clinical manifestations are diverse and lack specificity, such as CNS hyperexcitability, sensory disturbance, autonomic dysfunction, psychopsychiatric disturbance and cognitive dysfunction, and a small proportion of patients present with weakness and pain in both lower limbs with falls.  

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